Not including trout, the 9ft 8wt us incredibly versatile. I've used mine for bass, stripers, steelhead trout, river smallmouth, reds in the creeks and permit & bonefish in the bahamas.
Not sure what you want to spend but check out the SAGE BASS rods. You can find the first generation models on ebay pretty cheep. Its a short fast 8wt that come with a very aggressive shooting line. Its built to throw big flies at short distances with very few false cast. It handles smaller clouser type flies very well too. Its also a great rod to punch through a head wind with the shooting head on the line.
5 to 7wt is more than enough for largemouth bass with a fly rod. Bass Pro has a White River set up that relatively inexpensive and all you'd need to get started. Don't get hung up on the "big" bass bugs. I catch way more fish on a smaller (#4) popper or streamer.